Chapter 4 - Modulation

Quality | Pitch

Modulation has reference to the means of varying the voice so as to express thought with truth and effectiveness. The principal modulations are quality, pitch, time, inflection and force.

QUALITY

Quality may be described as the character of the speaking voice, and for convenience is divided into two kinds: Pure and Impure. Pure quality is subdivided into Simple Pure and Orotund, while Impure quality is divided into Aspirated, Oral, Falsetto, Guttural and Pectoral.

Simple pure voice is the quality used in conversation. It can be readily cultivated by practising the exercises given under the head of purity in Chapter III. The pure qualities should be acquired before proceeding to the impure.

Orotund is marked by unusual roundness and fullness of tone. Daily practise on the vowel "O," with variety in pitch and force, will materially assist the student in securing this quality. It is used to express sublime and deeply earnest thought.

Aspirated quality is used to express fear, secrecy, surprise, caution and kindred emotions.

Oral quality is that of weakness.

Falsetto is employed in imitating the voices of children, women, old age, etc.

Guttural is used in language of revenge, anger, horror, aversion.

Pectoral quality is a deep hollow ehest-tone, used in expressing awe, remorse, deep terror.

The whisper is sometimes used to express secrecy, fear, caution. Exercises in whisper will rapidly develop strength of voice.

SIMPLE PURE

1. Oh young Lochinvar is come out of the West.
Through all the wide border his steed was the best;
And, save his good broadsword, he weapons had none;
He rode all unarmed and he rode all alone.
So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,
There never was knight like the young Lochinvar.
"Lochinvar's Bide"
SIR WALTER SCOTT.

2. How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank;
Here will we sit, and let the sound of music
Creep in our ears; soft stillness and the night
Become the touches of sweet harmony.
"Merchant of Venice"
SHAKESPEARE.

3. The splendor falls on castle walls,
And snowy summits old in story;
The long light shakes across the lakes,
And the wild cataract leaps in glory.
"Bugle Song."
TENNYSON.

4. I should think myself a criminal, if I said anything to chill the enthusiasm of the young scholar, or to dash with any scepticism his longing and his hope. He has chosen the highest. His beautiful faith, and his aspiration, are the light of life. Without his fresh enthusiasm, and his gallant devotion to learning, to art, to culture, the world would be dreary enough.
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER.

5. We all ride something. It is folly to expect us always to be walking. The cheapest thing to ride is a hobby; it eats no oats; it demands no groom; it breaks no traces; it requires no shoeing. Moreover, it is safest; the boisterous outbreak of the children's fun does not startle it; three babies astride it at once do not make it skittish. If, perchance, on some brisk morning it throws its rider, it will stand still till he climbs the saddle. For eight years we have had one tramping the nursery, and yet no accidents; though, meanwhile, his eye has been knocked out and his tail dislocated.
T. DE WITT TALMAGE.

6. The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies; thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life; and T will dwell in the house of the Lord forever. "Twenty-third Psalm."

THE BIBLE

7. I chatter over stony ways,
In little sharps and trebles, I
bubble into eddying bays, I
babble on the pebbles.

With many a curve my banks I fret,
By many a field and fallow,
And many a fairy foreland set
With willow-weed and mallow.

I chatter, chatter, as I flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.
"The Brook."
TENNYSON.

8. Speak the speech I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue; but if you mouth it, as many of your players do, I had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines. Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand thus, but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, whirlwind of passion, you must acquire and beget a temperance, that may give it smoothness. O, it offends me to the soul, to hear a robustious periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings; who, for the most part, are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb-shows and noise. I would have such a fellow whipped for overdoing Termagant: it out-herods Herod. Pray you, avoid it.

Be not too tame, neither, but let your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action to the word; the word to the action; with this special observance that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing, whose end, both at the first and now, was, and is, to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature; scorn her own image; and the very age and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now this, overdone or come tardy off, tho it make the unskilful laugh, can not but make the judicious grieve; the censure of which one must, in your allowance, o'er-weigh a whole theatre of others. O, there be players, that I have seen play, and heard others praise, and that highly, not to speak it profanely, that, neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, or man, have so strutted and bellowed, that I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well, they imitated humanity so abominably!

"Hamlet."
SHAKESPEARE.

9. At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks adorned the venerable place;
Truth from his lips prevailed with double sway,
And fools who came to scoff, remained to pray.
The service past, around the pious man,
With ready zeal, each honest rustic ran;
E'en children followed, with endearing wile,
And plucked his gown to share the good man's smile.

His ready smile a parent's warmth expressed; Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed; To them his heart, his love, his griefs were given, But all his serious thoughts had rest in heaven: As some tall cliff, that lifts its awful form, Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm; Tho round its breast the rolling clouds are spread, Eternal sunshine settles on its head. "The Village Preacher."
OLIVER GOLDSMITH.

10. Insects generally must lead a jovial life. Think what it must be to lodge in a lily. Imagine a palace of ivory and pearl, with pillars of silver and capitals of gold, and exhaling such a perfume as never arose from human censer. Fancy again the fun of tucking one's self up for the night in the folds of a rose, rocked to sleep by the gentle sighs of summer air, nothing to do when you awake but to wash yourself in a dewdrop, and fall to eating your bedclothes.

11. We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths;
In feelings, not in figures on a dial.
We should count time by heart-throbs. He most lives
Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best.
Life is but a means unto an end; that end,
Beginning, mean, and end to all things, God.
"Festus."
BAILEY.

12. I consider a human soul without education like marble in the quarry, which shows none of its inherent beauties until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colors, makes the surface shine, and discovers every ornamental cloud, spot, and vein that runs through the body of it. Education, after the same manner, when it works upon a noble mind, draws out to view every latent virtue and perfection, which, without such helps, are never able to make their appearance.

13. Near the city of Sevilla, years and years ago,
Dwelt a lady in a villa, years and years ago;
And her hair was black as night,
And her eyes were starry bright;
Olives on her brow were blooming;
Roses red her lips perfuming;
And her step was light and airy
As the tripping of a fairy.
Ah! that lady of the villa, and I loved her so,
Near the city of Sevilla, years and years ago.
"The Spanish Duel."
WALLER.

14. Sail forth into the sea, O ship!
Through wind and wave, right onward steer!
The moistened eye, the trembling lip,
Are not the signs of doubt or fear. Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Sail on, O Union, strong and great!
Humanity, with all its fears,
With all the hopes of future years,
Is hanging breathless on thy fate!
"Building of the Ship."
LONGFELLOW.

15. Now clear, pure, hard, bright, and one by one, like to hailstones, Short words fall from his lips fast as the first of a shower, Now in twofold column, Spondee, Iamb, and Trochee, Unbroke, firm-set, advance, retreat, trampling along, Now with a sprightlier springiness, bounding in triplicate syllables,
Dance the elastic Dactylics in musical cadences on; Now, their voluminous coil intertangling like huge anacondas, Roll overwhelmingly onward the sesquipedalian words.
STACY.

16. The sun does not shine for a few trees and flowers, but for the wide world's joy. The lonely pine upon the mountain top waves its somber boughs, and cries, "Thou art my sun." And the little meadow violet lifts its cup of blue, and whispers with its perfumed breath, "Thou art my sun." And the grain in a thousand fields rustles in the wind, and makes answer, "Thou art my sun." And so God sits effulgent in Heaven, not for a favored few, but for the universe of life; and there is no creature so poor or so low that he may not look up with childlike confidence and say, "My Father. Thou art mine." BEECHES.

17. External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge. No warmth could warm, nor wintry weather chill him. No wind that blew was bitterer than he, no falling snow was more intent upon its purpose, no pelting rain less open to entreaty. Foul weather didn't know where to have him. The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect. They often "came down" handsomely, and Scrooge never did. "A Christmas Carol."
DICKENS.

18. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. "Declaration of Independence."

19. All in the wild March-morning, I heard the angels call;
It was when the moon was setting, and the dark was over all;
The trees began to whisper, and the wind began to roll;
And in the wild March-morning I heard them call my soul.
"The May Queen."
TENNYSON.

20. Breathes there the man, with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
This is my own, my native land!
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd,
As home his footsteps he hath turned
From wandering on a foreign strand!
If such there breathe, go, mark him wellj
For him no Minstrel raptures swell;
High tho his titles, proud his name,
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim;
Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
The wretch, concentered all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown;
And, doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust, from whence he sprung,
Unwept, unhonor’d, and unsung.
"Lay of the Last Minstrel."         SCOTT.

21. It was an eve of autumn's holiest mood. The corn-fields, bathed in Cynthia's silver light, Stood ready for the reaper's gathering hand; And all the winds slept soundly. Nature seemed In silent contemplation to adore Its maker. Now and then the aged leaf Fell from its fellows, rustling to the ground; And, as it fell, bade man think on his end.

Vesper looked forth

From out her western hermitage, and smiled; And up the east, unclouded, rose the moon With all her stars, gazing on earth intense, As if she saw some wonder working there.
ROBERT POLLOK.

22. She sleeps: her breathings are not heard In palace chambers far apart. The fragrant tresses are not stirred That lie upon her charmed heart.

She sleeps: on either hand upswells The
gold-fringed pillow lightly prest:
She sleeps, nor dreams, but ever dwells
A perfect form in perfect rest.
"The Bay Bream."
TENNYSON

OROTUND

1. True eloquence, indeed, does not consist in speech. It can not be brought from far. Labor and learning may toil for it, but they will toil in vain. Words and phrases may be marshaled in every way, but they cannot compass it. It must exist in the man, in the subject, and in the occasion. Affected passion, intense expression, the pomp of declamation, all may aspire after it, they can not reach it. It comes, if it comes at all, like the outbreaking of a fountain from the earth, or the bursting forth of volcanic fires, with spontaneous, original, native force. The graces taught in the schools, the costly ornaments and studied contrivances of speech, shock and disgust men, when their own lives, and the fate of their wives, their children, and their country hang on the decision of the hour. Then words have lost their power, rhetoric is vain, and all elaborate oratory contemptible. Even genius itself then feels rebuked and subdued, as in the presence of higher qualities. Then patriotism is eloquent; then self-devotion is eloquent. The clear conception, outrunning the deductions of logic, the high purpose, the firm resolve, the dauntless spirit, speaking on the tongue, beaming from the eye, informing every feature, and urging the whole man onward, right onward to his object, this, this is eloquence; or, rather, it is something greater and higher than all eloquence: it is action, noble, sublime, Godlike action. "The Eloquence of Adams."
DANIEL WEBSTER.

2. O thou Eternal One! whose presence bright All space doth occupy, all motion guide: Unchanged through time's all-devastating flight! Thou only God there is no God beside!

Being above all beings! Mighty One, Whom none
can comprehend, and none explore,
Who filPst existence with Thyself alone-
Embracing all, supporting, ruling o'er,
Being whom we call God, and know no more!
"God."
G. R. DERZHAVIN.

3. Suddenly the notes of the deep laboring organ burst upon the ear, falling with doubled and redoubled intensity, and rolling, as it were, huge billows ef sound. How well do their volume and grandeur accord with this mighty building! With what pomp do they swell through its vast vaults and breathe their awful harmony through those caves of death and make the silent sepulcher vocal! And now they rise in triumphant acclamation, heaving higher and higher their accordant notes, and piling sound on sound. And now they pause, and the soft voices of the choir break out into sweet gushes of melody; they soar aloft and warble along the roof, and seem to play about those lofty vaults like the pure airs of heaven. Again the pealing organ heaves its thrilling thunders, compressing air into music, and rolling it forth upon the soul. What long-drawn cadences! What solemn sweeping concords! It grows more and more dense and powerful, it fills the vast pile, and seems to jar the very walls, the ear is stunned, the senses are overwhelmed. And now it is winding up in full jubilee, it is rising from earth to heaven; the very soul seems wrapt away and floating upward on this swelling tide of harmony. "Westminster Abbey" in "The Sketch Booh:9
WASHINGTON IRVING.

4. O now, forever, Farewell the tranquil mind! farewell content! Farewell the plumed troops, and the big wars, That make ambition virtue! O, farewell! Farewell the neighing steed, and the shrill trump, The spirit-stirring drum, and ear-piercing fife, The royal banner; and all quality,

Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war!
And, O you mortal engines, whose rude throats
The immortal Jove's dread clamors counterfeit,
Farewell! Othello's occupation's gone!
"Othello."
SHAKESPEARE.

5. Mr. President, I shall enter on no encomium upon Massachusetts; she needs none. There she is. Behold her, and judge for yourselves. There is her history; the world knows it by heart. The past, at least, is secure. There is Boston, and Concord, and Lexington, and Bunker Hill; and there they will remain forever. The bones of her sons, falling in the great struggle for Independence, now lie mingled with the soil of every State from New England to Georgia; and there they will lie forever. And, Sir, where American Liberty raised its first voice, and where its youth was nurtured and sustained, there it still lives, in the strength of its manhood and full of its original spirit. If discord and disunion shall wound it, if party strife and blind ambition shall hawk at and tear it, if folly and madness, if uneasiness under salutary and necessary restraint, shall succeed in separating it from that Union by which alone its existence is made sure, it will stand in the end, by the side of that cradle in which its infancy was rocked; it will stretch forth its arm with whatever of vigor it may still retain over the friends who gather round it; and it will fall at last, if fall it must, amidst the proudest monuments of its own glory, and on the very spot of its origin.

"Massachusetts and South Carolina."
WEBSTER.

6. It took Rome three hundred years to die; and our death, if we perish, will be as much more terrific as our intelligence and free institutions have given to us more bone and sinew and vitality. May God hide me from the day when the dying agonies of my country shall begin! O thou beloved land, bound together by the ties of brotherhood, and common interest, and perils, live forever one and undivided!
LYMAN BEECHER.

7. Thy right hand, O Lord, is become glorious in power; thy right hand, O Lord, hath dashed in pieces the enemy, and in the greatness of thine excellency thou hast overthrown them that rose up against thee; thou sentest forth thy wrath which consumed them as stubble. And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered together; the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea. "Exodus 15; 6, 7, 8"
THE BIBLE.

8. The nation rises up at every stage of his coming; cities and states are his pallbearers, and the cannon beats the hours in solemn progression; dead, dead, dead, he yet speaketh. Is Washington deaol? Is Hampden dead? Is David dead? Is any man that was ever fit to live dead? Disenthralled from flesh, and risen in the unobstructed sphere where passion never comes, he begins his illimitable work

Your sorrows, O people, are his peace; your bells and bands and muffled drums sound triumph in his ear. Wail and weep here! Pass on! Ye winds that move over the mighty places of the West, chant his requiem! Ye people, behold a martyr whose blood, as so many articulate words, pleads for fidelity, for law, for liberty! "On the Death of Abraham Lincoln."

BEECHER.

9. Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean roll!
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain;
Man marks the earth with ruin his control
Stops with the shore; upon the watery plain
The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remain A
shadow of man's ravage, save his own,
When, for a moment, like a drop of rain, He sinks
into thy depths with bubbling groan, Without a grave,
unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown.

The armaments which thunderstrike the walls
Of rock-built cities, bidding nations quake,
And monarchs tremble in their capitals; The
oak leviathans, whose huge ribs make
Their clay creator the vain title take

Of lord of thee, and arbiter of war;
These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake,
They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar
Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar.

Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee Assyria,
Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
Thy waters washed them power while they were free, And
many a tyrant since; their shores obey The stranger,
slave, or savage; their decay
Has dried up realms to deserts: not so thou,
Unchangeable, save to thy wild waves' play
Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow
Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now.

Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty's form
Glasses itself in tempests; in all time, Calm or
convulsed in breeze, or gale, or storm,
Icing the pole; or in the torrid clime
Dark heaving; boundless, endless, and sublime The
image of eternity the throne

Of the Invisible; even from out thy slime
The monsters of the deep are made; each zone
Obeys thee; thou goest forth, dread, fathomless, alone.
"CMlde Harold: BYRON.

10. Romans, countrymen and lovers! hear me for my cause; and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honor; and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe: censure me in your wisdom; and awake your senses, that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar's, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If, then, that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer, Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all freemen? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honor him: but, as he was ambitious,

I slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honor for his valor; and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. "Julius Caesar."
SHAKESPEARE.

11. Father of Earth and Heaven! I call thy name!
Round me the smoke and shout of battle rollj
My eyes are dazzled with the rustling flame;
Father, sustain an untried soldier's soul!
Or life, or death, whatever be the goal That
crowns or closes round the struggling hour,
Thou knowest, if ever from my spirit stole One deeper
prayer, 'twas that no cloud might lower On my young
fame! O hear! God of eternal power.

Now for the fight now for the cannon peal
Forward through blood and toil and cloud and fire I
Glorious the shout, the shock, the crash of steel,
The volley's roll, the rocket's blasting spire;
They shake, like broken waves their squares retire, On
them, hussars! Now give them rein and heel;
Think of the orphaned child, the murdered sire: '
Earth cries for blood, in thunder on them wheel!
This hour to Europe's fate shall set the triumph-seal!
"Battle Hymn."
KARL THEODOR KÖRNER.

ASPIRATED

1. Lady Macbeth. Alack, I am afraid they have awaked, And 'tis not done. The attempt and not the deed Confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss them. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done't.

(Enter Macbeth)
My husband!
Macbeth. I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise ?
Lady Macbeth. I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?
Macbeth When?
Lady Macbeth. Now.
Macbeth. As I descended?
Lady Macbeth. Ay.
Macbeth. Hark! Who lies i' the second chamber?
Lady Macbeth. Donalbain.
Macbeth. This is a sorry sight. (Looking on his hands.)
Lady Macbeth. A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight.
Macbeth. There's one did laugh in's sleep, and one cried "Murder!" That they did wake each other: I stood and heard them: But they did say their prayers, and addressed them Again to sleep.
"Macbeth."
SHAKESPEARE.

2. Steady, boys, steady!
Keep your arms ready.
God only knows whom we may meet here.
Don't let me be taken I'd rather awaken
To-morrow in no matter where,
Than lie in that foul prison hole over there.
"The Wounded Soldier."
ANON.

3. Hark! they whisper: angels say,
"Sister spirit, come away!"
What is this absorbs me quite,
Steals my senses, shuts my sight,
Drowns my spirit, draws my breath?
Tell me, my soul! can this be death?
"The Dying Christian to his Soul”
POPE.

4. Brutus. How ill this taper burns! Ha! who comes here?
I think, it is the weakness of mine eyes
That shapes this monstrous apparition.
(Ghost approaches.)
It comes upon me: Art thou anything?
Art thou some god, some angel, or some devil,

That mak'st my blood cold, and my hair to stare?
Speak to me what thou art.
"Julius Ccesar."
SHAKESPEARE.

PECTORAL

1. O! I have passed a miserable night,
So full of fearful dreams of ugly sights,
That, as I am a Christian faithful man,
I would not spend another such a night,
Thought were to buy a world of happy days,
So full of dismal terror was the time.
"Richard III."
SHAKESPEARE.

2. Angels and ministers of grace defend us!
Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damn'd.
Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell,
Be thy intents wicked or charitable,
Thou comest in such a questionable shape
That I will speak to thee! I'll call thee Hamlet,
King, father; royal Dane, O! answer me!
"Hamlet."
SHAKESPEARE.

3. And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas, just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming. And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted nevermore. "The Raven."
POE.

4. Ghost. I am thy father's spirit, Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confined to fast in fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burned and purged away. But that I am forbid To tell the secrets of my prison house, I could a tale unfold whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. "Hamlet."
SHAKESPEARE.

GUTTURAL

1. But you, wretch! you could creep through the world unaffected by its various disgraces, its ineffable miseries, its constantly accumulating masses of crime and sorrow; you could live and enjoy yourself while the noble-minded were betrayed, while nameless and birthless villains trod on the neck of the brave and long-descended: you could enjoy yourself, like a butcher's dog in the shambles, battening on garbage, while the slaughter of the brave went on around you! This enjoyment you shall not live to partake of: you shall die, base dog! and that before yon eloud has passed over the sun!

SCOTT.

2. But now my sword's my own! Smile on, my lords! I scorn to count what feelings, withered hopes, Strong provocations, bitter, burning wrongs, I have within my heart's hot cells shut up, To leave you in your lazy dignities. But here I stand and scoff you! here I fling Hatred and full defiance in your face! Your Consul's merciful; for this all thanks. He dares not touch a hair of Catiline! "Catiline's Defiance"
GEORGE CROLY.

3. Gloster. Stay you that bear the corse and set it down. Anne. What black magician conjures up this fiend, To stop devoted charitable deeds? Gloster. Villains, set down the corse; or by Saint Paul, I'll make a corse of him that disobeys! Gentleman. My lord, stand back and let the coffin pass. Gloster. Unmannered dog! stand thou when I command: Advance thy halberd higher than my breast, Or, by Saint Paul, I'll strike thee to my foot, And spurn upon thee beggar, for thy boldness. "Richard III."
SHAKESPEARE.

4. I'll have my bond; I will not hear thee speak:
I'll have my bond! and therefore speak no more.
I'll not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool,
To shake the head, relent, and sigh; and yield
To Christian intercessors. Follow not;
I'll have no speaking. I will have my bond.
"Merchant of Venice.7'
SHAKESPEARE.

5. Antony. Villains! you did not so, when your vile daggers
Hacked one another in the sides of CaBsar!
You showed your teeth like apes, and fawned like hounds,
And bowed like bondmen, kissing Caesar's feet;
Whilst damned Casca, like a cur, behind,
Struck Csesar on the neck. O you flatterers!
"Julius Caesar."
SHAKESPEARE.

FALSETTO

1. There was silence for a little while; then an old man replied in a thin, trembling voice, "Nicholas Vedder! why he's been dead and gone these eighteen years." "Rip Van Winkle."
WASHINGTON IRVING.

2. Yes, it is worth talking of: But that's how you always try to put me down. You fly into a rage, and then, if I only try to speak, you won't hear me. That's how you men always will have the talk to yourselves: a poor woman isn't allowed to get a word in. "The Caudle Lectures."
DOUGLAS JERROLD.

3. "No," said the wife; "the barn is high, And if you slip, and fall, and die How will my living be secured? Stephen, your life is not insured."

ORAL

1. "Jo, my poor fellow!"
"I hear you, sir, in the dark, but I'm a gropin' a gropin'; let me catch hold of your hand." "Jo, can you say what I say?"
"I'll say anything as you say, sir, for I knows it's good." "OUR FATHER." "Our Father. That's very good, sir." "WHICH ART IN HEAVEN." "Art in Heaven. Is the light a comin', sir?" "It is close at hand. HALLOWED BE THY NAME." "Hallowed be thy name."
DICKENS.

WHISPER

1. Hark! I hear the bugles of the enemy! They are on their march along the bank of the river. We must retreat instantly, or be cut off from our boats. I see the head of their column already rising over the height. Our only safety is in the screen of this hedge. Keep close to it; be silent; and stoop as you run. For the boats! Forward!

2. All heaven and earth are still, tho not in sleep, But breathless, as we grow when feeling most; And silent, as we stand in'thoughts too deep: All heaven and earth are still: from the high host Of stars to the lulled lake, and mountain coast, All is concentrated in a life intense, Where not a beam, nor air, nor leaf is lost, But hath a part of being, and a sense Of that which is of all Creator and Defence.
BYRON.

3. Soldiers! You are now within a few steps of the enemy's outpost. Our scouts report them as slumbering in parties around their watch-fires, and utterly unprepared for our approach. A swift and noiseless advance around that projecting rock, and we are upon them, we capture them without the possibility of resistance. One disorderly noise or motion may leave us at the mercy of their advanced guard. Let every man keep the strictest silence, under pain of instant death.

PITCH

Pitch has reference to the key of the voice, and its degrees run through the entire compass. It is divided into Middle, Low, Very Low, High and Very High.

MIDDLE

1. The very law which molds a tear,
And bids it trickle from its source,
That law preserves the earth a sphere,
And guides the planets in their course.
"On a Tear."
SAMUEL ROGERS.

2. For rising to eminence in any intellectual pursuit, there is not a rule of more essential importance than that of doing one thing at a time; avoiding distracting and desultory occupations, and keeping a leading object habitually before the mind, as one in which it can at all times find an interesting resource when necessary avocations allow the thoughts to recur to it. If, along with this habit, there be cultivated the practise of constantly writing such views as arise, we perhaps describe that state of mental discipline by which talents of a very moderate order may be applied in a conspicuous and useful manner to any subject to which they are devoted. Such writing need not be made at first with any great attention to method, but merely put aside for future consideration, and in this manner the different departments of a subject will develop and arrange themselves as they advance, in a manner equally pleasing and wonderful. "Qualities of a Well Regulated Mind."
ABERCROMBIE.

3. To live content with small means, to seek elegance rather than luxury, and refinement rather than fashion; to be worthy, not respectable; and wealthy, not rich; to study hard, think quietly, talk gently, act frankly; to listen to stars and birds, babes and sages, with open heart; to bear all cheerfully, do all bravely, await occasions, hurry never; in a word, to let the spiritual, unbidden and unconscious, grow up through the common. This is to be my symphony. "My Symphony."
WILLIAM HENRY CHANNING.

4. Genius is only the power of making continuous efforts; the line between failure and success is so fine that we are often on the line and do not know it. How many a man has thrown up his hands at a time when a little more effort, a little more patience, would have achieved success. As the tide goes clear out, so it comes clear in. In business, sometimes, prospects may seem darkest when really they are on the turn. A little more patience, a little more effort, and what seemed hopeless failure may turn to glorious success. There is no failure except in no longer try ing. There is no defeat except from within, no really insurmountable barrier save our own weakness of purpose.

LOW

1. It thunders! Sons of dust, in reverence bow!
Ancient of days! thou speakest from above:
Thy right hand wields the bolt of terror now;
That hand which scatters peace, and joy, and love.
Almighty! trembling like a timid child,
I hear thy awful voice, alarmed, afraid, I
see the flashes of thy lightning wild,
And in the very grave would hide my head!

58. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle 1
Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is beard no more: it is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing. "Macbeth"
SHAKESPEARE.

3. In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. Then a spirit passed before my face, the hair of my flesh stood up; it stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof; an image was before mine eyes; there was silence, and I heard a voice saying, Shall mortal man be more just than God! Shall a man be more pure than his Maker?

VERY LOW

1. 'Tis midnight's holy hour, and silence now
Is brooding like a gentle spirit, o'er
The still and pulseless world. Hark! on the winds

The bell's deep tones are swelling, 'tis the knell
Of the departed year. "The Closing Year."
GEORGE D. PRENTICE.

2. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne,
In rayless majesty, now stretches forth
Her leaden scepter, o'er a slumbering world.
Silence, how dead! and darkness, how profound!
Nor eye, nor listening ear, an object finds;
Creation sleeps. 'Tis as the general pulse
Of life stood still, and nature made a pause;
An awful pause! prophetic of her end.
"Night Thoughts."
YOUNG.

3. Now o'er the one half-world
Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse
The curtain'd sleep; witchcraft celebrates
Pale Hecate's offerings, and wither'd murder,
Alarum'd by his sentinel the wolf,
Whose howl's his watch, thus with his stealthy pace
With Tarquin's ravishing strides, towards his design
Moves like a ghost. Thou sure and firm-set earth,
Hear not my steps, which way they walk, for fear
Thy very stones prate of my whereabout,
And take the present horror from the time,
Which now suits with it. "Macbeth."
SHAKESPEARE.

4. It must be so Plato, thou reasonest well!
Else, whence this pleasing hope, this fond desire,
This longing after immortality?
Or whence this secret dread, and inward horror,
Of falling into nought! Why shrinks the soul
Back on herself, and startles at destruction?
'Tis the divinity that stirs within us;
'Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter,
And intimates eternity to man.
Eternity! thou pleasing, dreadful thought!
Through what variety of untried being,
Through what new scenes and changes must we pass!
The wide, the unbounded prospect lies before me:
But shadows, clouds, and darkness rest upon it.
"Cato."
ADDISOK.

HIGH

1. Cry Holiday! Holiday! let us be gay,
And share in the rapture of heaven and earth;
For, see! what a sunshiny joy they display,
To welcome the Spring on the day of her birth;
While the elements, gladly outpouring their voice,
Nature's psean proclaim, and in chorus rejoice!

2. "Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked,
upstarting; "Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian
shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath
spoken!

Leave my loneliness unbroken! quit the bust above my door! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door."
Quoth the raven: "NevermoreI" "The Raven"
POE.

3. Freedom calls you! Quick, be ready,
Think of what your sires have done;
Onward, onward! strong and steady,
Drive the tyrant to his den;
On, and let the watchword be,
Country, home, and liberty!
"Polish War Song."
JAMES G. PERCTVAL.

4. I come, I come! ye have called me long,
I come o'er the mountain with light and song:
Ye may trace my step o'er the wakening earth,
By the winds which tell of the violet's birth,
By the primrose-stars in the shadowy grass,
By the green leaves, opening as I pass.
"The Voice of Spring."
HEMANS.

5. Then sing, ye birds, sing, sing a joyous song!
And let the young lambs bound
As to the tabor's sound!
We in thought will join your throng,
Ye that pipe and ye that play,
Ye that through your hearts to-day
Feel the gladness of the May!
What tho the radiance which was once so bright
Be now forever taken from my sighit,

Tho nothing can bring back the hour
Of splendor in the grass, of glory in the flower;
We will grieve not, rather find
Strength in what remains behind;
In the primal sympathy
Which having been must ever be;
In the soothing thoughts that spring
Out of human suffering:
In the faith that looks through death,
In the years that bring the philosophic mind.
"Intimations of Immortality."
WORDSWORTH.

6. O come, let us sing unto Jehovah; let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation. Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, let us make a joyful noise unto him with psalms. For Jehovah is a great God, and a great King above all gods.

In his hand are two deep places of the earth; the heights of the mountains are his also.

The sea is his, and he made it; and his hands formed the dry land. O come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before Jehovah our Maker. For he is our God, and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. "Ninety-fifth Psalm."
THE BIBLE.

VERY HIGH

1. They strike! hurrah! the fort has surrendered! Shout! shout! my warrior boy, And wave your cap, and clap your hands for joy Cheer answer cheer, and bear the cheer about. Hurrah! hurrah! for the fiery fort is ours. "Victory! victory! victory!"

Is the shout.

Shout for the fiery fort is ours, and the field And the day are ours!

2. Rejoice, you men of Algiers, ring your bells:
King John, your king and England's, doth approach.
Open your gates and give the victors way.
"King John."
SHAKESPEARE.

3. Pull, pull in your lassos, and bridle to steed, And speed, if ever for life you would speed; And ride for your lives, for your lives you must ride, For the plain is aflame, the prairie on fire.

NINE DEGREES OF PITCH

9. Extremely high:

I repeat it sir, let it come! let it come!

8. Very high:
Three millions of people armed in the holy cause of liberty!

7. High:
The sounding aisles of the dim woods rang

6. Bather high:
With music I come from my balmy home.

5. Middle:
A vision of beauty appeared on the clouds.

4. Bather low:
Friends, Romans, Countrymen

3. Low:
And this is in the night, most glorious night

2. Very low:
Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!

1. As low as possible:
Eternity, thou pleasing, dreadful thought.
"Voice and Action."
 J. E. FROBISHER

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